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Update installation guide
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@ -15,9 +15,12 @@ Create partitions for the drives
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```bash
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fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
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# Create new GPT table and make 5 partitions
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# Create new GPT table and make 3 partitions
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# first for boot (1G), second for swap (16G),
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# third for root (256G), fifth for data (rest ~680G)
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# third for btrfs (root + /home + data) (rest of the space)
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fdisk /dev/nvme0n2
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# Create a single partition for btrfs data
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```
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Format partitions that shouldn't be encrypted
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@ -31,39 +34,69 @@ mkswap -L SWAP /dev/nvme0n1p2
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Format drives using LUKS for encryption and open them to mapper devices
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```bash
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cryptsetup luksFormat --type luks2 --label LINUXROOT /dev/nvme0n1p3
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cryptsetup luksFormat --type luks2 --label DATA /dev/nvme0n1p4
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cryptsetup luksFormat --type luks2 --label ARCH_LUKS /dev/nvme0n1p3
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cryptsetup luksFormat --type luks2 --label DATA /dev/nvme0n2p1
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cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/disk/by-label/LINUXROOT cryptroot
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cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/disk/by-label/ARCH_LUKS cryptroot
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cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/disk/by-label/DATA cryptdata
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```
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Create BTRFS filesystem on the encrypted drives
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```bash
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mkfs.btrfs -f -L CRYPTROOT /dev/mapper/cryptroot
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mkfs.btrfs -f -L ARCH /dev/mapper/cryptroot
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mkfs.btrfs -f -L DATA /dev/mapper/cryptdata
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```
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Mount the drives
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Mount btrfs and create subvolumes
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```bash
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mount /dev/mapper/cryptroot /mnt
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mount /dev/disk/by-label/BOOT /mnt/efi --mkdir
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mkdir /mnt/efi/arch-1
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mount --bind /mnt/efi/arch-1 /mnt/boot --mkdir
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mount /dev/mapper/cryptdata /mnt/mnt/data --mkdir
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swapon /dev/disk/by-label/SWAP
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# Cryptroot
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# - We set `noatime` to disable updating of the file access time
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# every time a file is read. This is done for performance improvements,
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# especially on SSDs, and we don't really need to know this information
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# anyway.
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# - We set `compress=zstd:1` to enable level 1 zstd compression (lowest),
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# which still provides quite fast read/write speeds, while saving some space.
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mount -o noatime,compress=zstd:1 /dev/mapper/cryptroot /mnt
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@ # / (root)
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@home # /home
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@log # /var/log
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@cache # /var/cache
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@tmp # /tmp
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@data # /data
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@snapshots
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umount /mnt
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# cryptdata
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# - We use same options for mounting the root btrfs drive as
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# we did for cryptroot here, however we will use a bigger compression
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# rate for the individual subvolumes when mounting them.
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mount -o noatime,compress=zstd:1 /dev/mapper/cryptdata /mnt
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@data # /data2
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@backups # /backups
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@snapshots
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umount /mnt
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```
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Create BTRFS subvolumes
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Mount the subvolumes and drives
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```bash
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/home
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/var
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/var/log
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/var/cache
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btrfs subvolume create /mnt/var/tmp
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# cryptroot btrfs subvolumes
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mount -o defaults,noatime,compress=zstd:1,subvol=@ /dev/mapper/cryptroot /mnt
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mount -o defaults,noatime,compress=zstd:1,subvol=@home /dev/mapper/cryptroot /mnt/home --mkdir
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mount -o defaults,noatime,compress=zstd:2,subvol=@log /dev/mapper/cryptroot /mnt/var/log --mkdir
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mount -o defaults,noatime,compress=zstd:3,subvol=@cache /dev/mapper/cryptroot /mnt/var/cache --mkdir
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mount -o defaults,noatime,compress=no,subvol=@tmp /dev/mapper/cryptroot /mnt/tmp --mkdir
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mount -o defaults,noatime,compress=zstd:5,subvol=@data /dev/mapper/cryptroot /mnt/data --mkdir
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# cryptdata btrfs subvolumes
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mount -o defaults,noatime,compress=zstd:5,subvol=@data /dev/mapper/cryptdata /mnt/data2 --mkdir
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mount -o defaults,noatime,compress=zstd:10,subvol=@backups /dev/mapper/cryptdata /mnt/backups --mkdir
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# physical partitions
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mount /dev/disk/by-label/EFI /mnt/efi --mkdir
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mkdir /mnt/efi/arch-1
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mount --bind /mnt/efi/arch-1 /mnt/boot --mkdir
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swapon /dev/disk/by-label/SWAP
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```
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## Base installation
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@ -72,13 +105,16 @@ btrfs subvolume create /mnt/var/tmp
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reflector --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist --latest 10 --protocol https --sort rate
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pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware linux-headers amd-ucode # or intel-ucode
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genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
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# Note: We'll need to edit fstab later on, to use UUIDs, and to set proper compression levels
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# as the generated options will just use zstd:1 everywhere, the final fstab is shown late.
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# during bootloader config
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arch-chroot /mnt
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```
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Configure essentials
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```bash
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pacman -S git btrfs-progs
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pacman -S git btrfs-progs neovim
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ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/CET /etc/localtime
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hwclock --systohc
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sed -i 's/^#en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/g' /etc/locale.gen
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@ -227,25 +263,34 @@ interfaces for them, to mount those to a concrete directory, we still use
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# <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
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# region: LUKS encrypted devices (opened from /etc/crypttab, or mounted from initramfs)
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# region: Physical partitions
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/dev/mapper/cryptroot / btrfs rw,realtime,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvolid=5,subvol=/,discard 0 1
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/dev/mapper/cryptdata /mnt/data btrfs rw,realtime,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvolid=5,subvol=/,discard 0 2
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# /dev/nvme0n1p2 LABEL=SWAP UUID=d262a2e5-a1a3-42b1-ac83-18639f5e8f3d
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/dev/disk/by-label/SWAP none swap defaults 0 0
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# Or, an example with ext4 filesystem
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#/dev/mapper/cryptdata /mnt/data ext4 rw,relatime,nofail,discard 0 2
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# /dev/nvme0n1p1 LABEL=EFI UUID=44E8-EB26
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/dev/disk/by-label/EFI /efi vfat rw,relatime,fmask=0137,dmask=0027,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 2
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# endregion
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# region: Physical devices
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# region: BTRFS subvolumes on /dev/disk/by-label/ARCH (decrypted from ARCH_LUKS)
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LABEL=BOOT /efi vfat rw,relatime,fmask=0137,dmask=0027,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 2
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LABEL=SWAP none swap defaults 0 0
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# /dev/mapper/cryptroot LABEL=ARCH UUID=bffc7a62-0c7e-4aa9-b10e-fd68bac477e0
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/dev/mapper/cryptroot / btrfs rw,noatime,compress=zstd:1,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvol=/@ 0 1
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/dev/mapper/cryptroot /home btrfs rw,noatime,compress=zstd:1,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvol=/@home 0 1
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/dev/mapper/cryptroot /var/log btrfs rw,noatime,compress=zstd:2,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvol=/@log 0 1
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/dev/mapper/cryptroot /var/cache btrfs rw,noatime,compress=zstd:3,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvol=/@cache 0 1
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/dev/mapper/cryptroot /tmp btrfs rw,noatime,compress=no,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvol=/@tmp 0 1
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/dev/mapper/cryptroot /data btrfs rw,noatime,compress=zstd:5,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvol=/@data 0 2
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# /dev/mapper/cryptdata LABEL=DATA UUID=...
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/dev/mapper/cryptdata /data2 btrfs rw,noatime,compress=zstd:5,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvol=/@data 0 2
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/dev/mapper/cryptdata /backups btrfs rw,noatime,compress=zstd:10,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvol=/@backups 0 2
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# endregion
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# region: Bind mounts
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# Write kernel images to /efi/arch-1, not directly to the efi system partition (esp), to avoid conflicts when dual booting
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/efi/arch-1 /boot none rw,bind 0 0
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# Write kernel images to /efi/arch-1, not directly to efi system partition (esp), to avoid conflicts when dual booting
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/mnt/efi/arch-1 /boot none rw,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro,bind 0 0
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# endregion
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```
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@ -268,7 +313,7 @@ device mapping name. (shown later)
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# Add `keyboard keymap` after `autodetect` (if these hooks are already there,
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# just keep them, but make sure they're after `autodetect`).
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# Lastly add `encrypt` before `filesystems`.
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sudo nvim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
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nvim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
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```
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This will configure `mkinitcpio` to build support for the keyboard input, and
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@ -280,13 +325,13 @@ If you wish, you can also follow the instructions below to auto-enable numlock:
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```bash
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sudo -u itsdrike yay -S mkinitcpio-numlock
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# Go to HOOKS and add `numlock` after `keyboard` in:
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sudo nvim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
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nvim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
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```
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Now regenerate the initial ramdisk environment image:
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```bash
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sudo mkinitcpio -P
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mkinitcpio -P
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```
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### Configure systemd-boot
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@ -294,7 +339,10 @@ sudo mkinitcpio -P
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Install systemd-boot to the EFI system partition (ESP)
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```bash
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sudo bootctl --esp-path=/efi install
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bootctl --esp-path=/efi install
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# This might report a warning about permissions for the /efi mount point,
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# these were addressed in the fstab file above (changed fmask and dmask),
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# if you copied those to your fstab, the permissions will be fixed after reboot
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```
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Add boot menu entries
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@ -310,8 +358,8 @@ sort-key 0
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linux /arch-1/vmlinuz-linux
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initrd /arch-1/amd-ucode.img
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initrd /arch-1/initramfs-linux.img
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options cryptdevice=LABEL=LINUXROOT:cryptroot:allow-discards
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options root=/dev/mapper/cryptroot
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options cryptdevice=LABEL=ARCH_LUKS:cryptroot:allow-discards
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options root=/dev/mapper/cryptroot rootflags=subvol=/@
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options rw loglevel=3
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```
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