chore(mvvm): CalendarActivity ViewModel

app/src/main/java/com/p_vacho/neat_calendar/activities/CalendarActivity.kt

@@ -5,35 +5,27 @@ import android.os.Bundle
 import android.widget.ImageButton
 import android.widget.TextView
 import androidx.activity.enableEdgeToEdge
+import androidx.activity.viewModels
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
 import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat
 import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.GridLayoutManager
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
-import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
-import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.MyApplication
 import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.R
 import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.adapters.CalendarDayItemAdapter
-import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.api.RetrofitClient
-import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.api.models.EventResponse
 import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.models.CalendarDay
-import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.viewmodels.CalendarViewModel
 import java.time.YearMonth
-import java.time.ZoneId
-import java.time.format.TextStyle
-import java.util.Locale
-
 
 class CalendarActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
+    private val viewModel: CalendarViewModel by viewModels()
+    private lateinit var adapter: CalendarDayItemAdapter
+
     private lateinit var tvMonthYear: TextView
     private lateinit var rvCalendar: RecyclerView
     private lateinit var btnPreviousMonth: ImageButton
     private lateinit var btnNextMonth: ImageButton
 
-    private val tokenManager by lazy { (application as MyApplication).tokenManager }
-
-    private var currentYearMonth: YearMonth = YearMonth.now()
-
     override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
         enableEdgeToEdge()
@@ -44,125 +36,31 @@ class CalendarActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
             insets
         }
 
+        initializeViews()
+
+        // Observers
+        viewModel.monthYearText.observe(this) { text -> tvMonthYear.text = text }
+        viewModel.calendarDays.observe(this) {days -> adapter.updateDays(days) }
+
+        // Listeners
+        btnPreviousMonth.setOnClickListener { viewModel.prevMonth() }
+        btnNextMonth.setOnClickListener { viewModel.nextMonth() }
+
+        // Setup for current month
+        viewModel.setCalendarMonth(YearMonth.now())
+    }
+
+    private fun initializeViews() {
         tvMonthYear = findViewById(R.id.tvMonthYear)
         rvCalendar = findViewById(R.id.rvCalendar)
         btnPreviousMonth = findViewById(R.id.btnPreviousMonth)
         btnNextMonth = findViewById(R.id.btnNextMonth)
 
-        setCalendarForMonth(currentYearMonth)
-
-        btnPreviousMonth.setOnClickListener {
-            currentYearMonth = currentYearMonth.minusMonths(1)
-            setCalendarForMonth(currentYearMonth)
-        }
-
-        btnNextMonth.setOnClickListener {
-            currentYearMonth = currentYearMonth.plusMonths(1)
-            setCalendarForMonth(currentYearMonth)
-        }
+        adapter = CalendarDayItemAdapter(listOf(), ::navigateToDayActivity)
+        rvCalendar.layoutManager = GridLayoutManager(this@CalendarActivity, 7) // 7 columns for days of the week
+        rvCalendar.adapter = adapter
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Obtain all of the events that occur for each day in the given month from the API.
-     *
-     * The returned structure is a hashmap with int keys, being the day numbers in the month.
-     * If an event spans multiple days, it will be added for each of those days.
-     *
-     * Note that this also includes the events this user was invited into.
-     */
-    private suspend fun fetchEventsForMonth(yearMonth: YearMonth): Map<Int, List<EventResponse>> {
-        // Use the system's default time zone
-        val zoneId = ZoneId.systemDefault()
-
-        // Get the start and end of the month in the local time zone
-        val startFrom = yearMonth.atDay(1).atStartOfDay(zoneId).toOffsetDateTime()
-        val endTo = yearMonth.atEndOfMonth().atTime(23, 59, 59).atZone(zoneId).toOffsetDateTime()
-
-        val userId = tokenManager.userId
-
-        if (userId.isNullOrEmpty()) {
-            navigateToMainActivity()
-            return emptyMap()
-        }
-
-        // BUG: Events that last longer than a month will not show
-        // up in the following month due to the startFrom filter here.
-        val userEvents = RetrofitClient.eventsService.userEvents(
-            userId = userId,
-            startFrom = startFrom,
-            startTo = endTo
-        )
-        val invitedEvents = RetrofitClient.eventsService.userEventsInvited(
-            userId = userId,
-            startFrom = startFrom,
-            startTo = endTo,
-            inviteStatus = "accepted"
-        )
-
-        val allEvents = userEvents + invitedEvents
-
-        // Create a mapping of days to events
-        val eventsByDay = mutableMapOf<Int, MutableList<EventResponse>>()
-
-        for (event in allEvents) {
-            val startDay = maxOf(event.start_time.dayOfMonth, 1)
-            val endDay = minOf(event.end_time.dayOfMonth, yearMonth.lengthOfMonth())
-
-            for (day in startDay..endDay) {
-                eventsByDay.computeIfAbsent(day) { mutableListOf() }.add(event)
-            }
-        }
-
-        return eventsByDay
-    }
-
-    private fun setCalendarForMonth(yearMonth: YearMonth) {
-        lifecycleScope.launch {
-            val firstDayOfMonth = yearMonth.atDay(1)
-            val daysInMonth = yearMonth.lengthOfMonth()
-
-            val eventsByDay = fetchEventsForMonth(yearMonth)
-
-            // Get localized month name and year
-            val monthYearText = "${
-                yearMonth.month.getDisplayName(
-                    TextStyle.FULL,
-                    Locale.getDefault()
-                )
-            } ${yearMonth.year}"
-            tvMonthYear.text = monthYearText
-
-            // Calculate the amount of placeholder slots until the first day in the month
-            // (Our calendar starts from Monday, but not all months start on monday, so we need fillers)
-            val startOffset = firstDayOfMonth.dayOfWeek.ordinal // Gives 0 (Monday) to 6 (Sunday)
-
-            // Generate calendar days
-            val days = mutableListOf<CalendarDay?>()
-
-            // Add padding (placeholder items) for days of the previous month
-            for (i in 1..startOffset) {
-                days.add(null)
-            }
-
-            // Add the actual days of the current month
-            for (i in 1..daysInMonth) {
-                val fullDate = yearMonth.atDay(i)
-                val eventsForDay = eventsByDay[i] ?: emptyList()
-                days.add(CalendarDay(date = fullDate, events = eventsForDay))
-            }
-
-            // Set up RecyclerView
-            rvCalendar.layoutManager = GridLayoutManager(this@CalendarActivity, 7) // 7 columns for days of the week
-            rvCalendar.adapter = CalendarDayItemAdapter(days) { day -> navigateToDayActivity(day) }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun navigateToMainActivity() {
-        val intent = Intent(this, MainActivity::class.java)
-        intent.flags = Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP or Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
-        startActivity(intent)
-        finish() // Close the login screen
-    }
 
     private fun navigateToDayActivity(day: CalendarDay) {
         var intent = Intent(this, DayViewActivity::class.java)
@@ -177,6 +75,6 @@ class CalendarActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         // Events could've been modified or even deleted, so make sure we have a fresh copy
         // it would probably be better to pass these around through extras, this extra lookup
         // isn't a huge deal, it's a potential future optimization though
-        setCalendarForMonth(currentYearMonth)
+        viewModel.refetch()
     }
 }

app/src/main/java/com/p_vacho/neat_calendar/activities/CategoriesActivity.kt

@@ -7,30 +7,28 @@ import android.widget.ImageButton
 import android.widget.TextView
 import android.widget.Toast
 import androidx.activity.enableEdgeToEdge
+import androidx.activity.viewModels
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
 import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat
 import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat
-import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
-import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.MyApplication
 import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.R
 import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.adapters.CategoryAdapter
-import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.api.RetrofitClient
 import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.api.models.CategoryResponse
+import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.viewmodels.CategoriesViewModel
+import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.viewmodels.CategoryEvent
 import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.viewmodels.CategoryMode
-import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
-import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
-import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
 
 class CategoriesActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
+    private val viewModel: CategoriesViewModel by viewModels()
+    private lateinit var adapter: CategoryAdapter
+
     private lateinit var rvCategories: RecyclerView
     private lateinit var btnBack: ImageButton
     private lateinit var btnAddCategory: ImageButton
     private lateinit var tvEmptyState: TextView
 
-    private lateinit var categories: MutableList<CategoryResponse>
-
     private val createActivityLauncher = registerForActivityResult(
         androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult()
     ) { result ->
@@ -42,8 +40,11 @@ class CategoriesActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
             val editedCategory: CategoryResponse? = result.data?.getParcelableExtra("editedCategory")
 
             if (newCategory != null && editedCategory != null) throw IllegalStateException("Got both edit & new response")
-            if (newCategory != null) categoryCreateReply(newCategory, CategoryMode.CREATE)
-            if (editedCategory != null) categoryCreateReply(editedCategory, CategoryMode.EDIT)
+
+            when {
+                newCategory != null -> viewModel.handleCategoryAddOrEdit(newCategory, CategoryMode.CREATE)
+                editedCategory != null -> viewModel.handleCategoryAddOrEdit(editedCategory, CategoryMode.EDIT)
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -58,55 +59,47 @@ class CategoriesActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
             insets
         }
 
+        initializeViews()
+
+        // Observers
+        viewModel.categoryEvents.observe(this) { event ->
+            when (event) {
+                is CategoryEvent.Init -> adapter.setCategories(event.categories)
+                is CategoryEvent.Add -> adapter.addCategory(event.category)
+                is CategoryEvent.Edit -> adapter.editCategory(event.category)
+                is CategoryEvent.Remove -> {
+                    adapter.removeCategory(event.category)
+                    // TODO: Localize
+                    Toast.makeText(this, "Category deleted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        viewModel.isEmptyStateVisible.observe(this) { isVisible ->
+            tvEmptyState.visibility = if (isVisible) View.VISIBLE else View.GONE
+        }
+
+        // Listeners
+        btnBack.setOnClickListener { finish() }
+        btnAddCategory.setOnClickListener { handleCreateCategory() }
+
+        // Load initial categories
+        viewModel.fetchCategories()
+    }
+
+    private fun initializeViews() {
         rvCategories = findViewById(R.id.rvCategories)
         btnBack = findViewById(R.id.btnBack)
         btnAddCategory = findViewById(R.id.btnAddCategory)
         tvEmptyState = findViewById(R.id.tvEmptyState)
 
-        btnBack.setOnClickListener { finish() }
-        btnAddCategory.setOnClickListener { handleCreateCategory() }
-
+        adapter = CategoryAdapter(
+            mutableListOf(),
+            { category, _pos -> viewModel.deleteCategory(category.id) },
+            ::handleEditCategory
+        )
         rvCategories.layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this)
-
-        lifecycleScope.launch {
-            categories = fetchCategories().toMutableList()
-
-            val adapter = CategoryAdapter(categories, ::handleDeleteCategory, ::handleEditCategory)
-
-            rvCategories.adapter = adapter
-            updateEmptyState()
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches all categories for the current user from the backend.
-     */
-    private suspend fun fetchCategories(): List<CategoryResponse> {
-        val userId = (application as MyApplication).tokenManager.userId
-            ?: run {
-                finish()
-                return emptyList()
-            }
-
-        return withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
-            RetrofitClient.categoryService.userCategories(userId)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * A callback function triggered by the Category Adapter, when the user
-     * clicks on the delete button.
-     */
-    private fun handleDeleteCategory(category: CategoryResponse, position: Int) {
-        lifecycleScope.launch {
-            withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
-                RetrofitClient.categoryService.deleteCategory(category.id)
-            }
-            // Remove category from the adapter and update the UI
-            (rvCategories.adapter as CategoryAdapter).removeCategoryAt(position)
-            Toast.makeText(this@CategoriesActivity, "Category deleted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
-            updateEmptyState()
-        }
+        rvCategories.adapter = adapter
     }
 
     /**
@@ -133,30 +126,4 @@ class CategoriesActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         }
         createActivityLauncher.launch(intent)
     }
-
-    /**
-     * Used as a callback, triggered when the CreateCategory Activity returns a result.
-     *
-     * The returned value (the new / edited category data) is passed over as a parameter.
-     */
-    private fun categoryCreateReply(category: CategoryResponse, mode: CategoryMode) {
-        val adapter = (rvCategories.adapter as CategoryAdapter)
-        when (mode) {
-            CategoryMode.CREATE -> {
-                adapter.addCategory(category)
-                updateEmptyState()
-            }
-            CategoryMode.EDIT -> { adapter.editCategory(category) }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * This is a helper function to toggle the visibility of the empty state message
-     * when no categories are available.
-     *
-     * This should be called whenever a category was removed or added.
-     */
-    private fun updateEmptyState() {
-        tvEmptyState.visibility = if (categories.isEmpty()) View.VISIBLE else View.GONE
-    }
 }

app/src/main/java/com/p_vacho/neat_calendar/adapters/CalendarDayItemAdapter.kt

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
 import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.R
 import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.models.CalendarDay
 
-class CalendarDayItemAdapter(private val days: List<CalendarDay?>, private val onDayClicked: (CalendarDay) -> Unit) :
+class CalendarDayItemAdapter(private var days: List<CalendarDay?>, private val onDayClicked: (CalendarDay) -> Unit) :
     RecyclerView.Adapter<CalendarDayItemAdapter.DayViewHolder>() {
 
     class DayViewHolder(itemView: View) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView) {
@@ -49,4 +49,17 @@ class CalendarDayItemAdapter(private val days: List<CalendarDay?>, private val o
     }
 
     override fun getItemCount(): Int = days.size
+
+    /**
+     * This function allows updating the day list.
+     *
+     * This will entirely overwrite the original data.
+     */
+    fun updateDays(newDays: List<CalendarDay?>) {
+        days = newDays
+
+        // We're resetting to an entirely new list, this is needed
+        @Suppress("NotifyDataSetChanged")
+        notifyDataSetChanged()
+    }
 }

app/src/main/java/com/p_vacho/neat_calendar/adapters/CategoryAdapter.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.adapters
 
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
 import android.view.LayoutInflater
 import android.view.View
 import android.view.ViewGroup
@@ -43,11 +44,10 @@ class CategoryAdapter(
     override fun getItemCount(): Int = categories.size
 
     /**
-     * Remove a category from the list and notify the adapter.
-     *
-     * Call this after the onDeleteClick callback deletes the category from the backend API.
+     * Remove an existing category from the list and notify the adapter.
      */
-    fun removeCategoryAt(position: Int) {
+    fun removeCategory(category: CategoryResponse) {
+        val position = categories.indexOfFirst { it.id == category.id }
         categories.removeAt(position)
         notifyItemRemoved(position)
 
@@ -68,12 +68,24 @@ class CategoryAdapter(
 
     /**
      * Edit an existing category, updating it in the UI.
-     *
-     * Call this after the onEditClick callback edits the category from the backend API.
      */
     fun editCategory(category: CategoryResponse) {
         val position = categories.indexOfFirst { it.id == category.id }
         categories[position] = category
         notifyItemChanged(position)
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset the entire list of categories to a new one.
+     *
+     * This is mainly useful for delayed initialization (after data is fetched).
+     */
+    fun setCategories(newCategories: List<CategoryResponse>) {
+        categories.clear()
+        categories.addAll(newCategories)
+
+        // We can't be more efficient here, we're changing the whole data set
+        @Suppress("NotifyDataSetChanged")
+        notifyDataSetChanged()
+    }
 }

app/src/main/java/com/p_vacho/neat_calendar/viewmodels/CalendarViewModel.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+package com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.viewmodels
+
+import android.app.Application
+import androidx.lifecycle.AndroidViewModel
+import androidx.lifecycle.LiveData
+import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData
+import androidx.lifecycle.viewModelScope
+import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.MyApplication
+import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.api.RetrofitClient
+import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.api.models.EventResponse
+import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.models.CalendarDay
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+import java.time.YearMonth
+import java.time.ZoneId
+import java.time.format.TextStyle
+import java.util.Locale
+
+class CalendarViewModel(application: Application) : AndroidViewModel(application) {
+    private var currentYearMonth: YearMonth? = null
+
+    private val _calendarDays = MutableLiveData<List<CalendarDay?>>()
+    val calendarDays: LiveData<List<CalendarDay?>> = _calendarDays
+
+    private val _monthYearText = MutableLiveData<String>()
+    val monthYearText: LiveData<String> = _monthYearText
+
+    /**
+     * Move to the next month.
+     *
+     * Can only be used after the initial setCalendarMonth.
+     */
+    fun prevMonth() {
+        setCalendarMonth(currentYearMonth!!.minusMonths(1))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Move to the next month.
+     *
+     * Can only be used after the initial setCalendarMonth.
+     */
+    fun nextMonth() {
+        setCalendarMonth(currentYearMonth!!.plusMonths(1))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Refetch the data for the currently selected month.
+     *
+     * Can only be used after the initial setCalendarMonth.
+     */
+    fun refetch() {
+        setCalendarMonth(currentYearMonth!!)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set up the view model for a specific month.
+     */
+    fun setCalendarMonth(yearMonth: YearMonth) {
+        currentYearMonth = yearMonth
+
+        val firstDayOfMonth = yearMonth.atDay(1)
+        val daysInMonth = yearMonth.lengthOfMonth()
+
+        // Get localized month name and year name
+        val monthYearText = "${
+            yearMonth.month.getDisplayName(
+                TextStyle.FULL,
+                Locale.getDefault()
+            )
+        } ${yearMonth.year}"
+        _monthYearText.value = monthYearText
+
+        viewModelScope.launch {
+            val eventsByDay = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { fetchEventsForMonthInternal(yearMonth) }
+
+            val startOffset = firstDayOfMonth.dayOfWeek.ordinal
+            val days = mutableListOf<CalendarDay?>()
+
+            for (i in 1..startOffset) {
+                days.add(null)
+            }
+
+            for (i in 1..daysInMonth) {
+                val fullDate = yearMonth.atDay(i)
+                val eventsForDay = eventsByDay[i] ?: emptyList()
+                days.add(CalendarDay(date = fullDate, events = eventsForDay))
+            }
+
+            _calendarDays.value = days
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Obtain all of the events that occur for each day in the given month from the API.
+     *
+     * The returned structure is a hashmap with int keys, being the day numbers in the month.
+     * If an event spans multiple days, it will be added for each of those days.
+     *
+     * Note that this also includes the events this user was invited into.
+     */
+    private suspend fun fetchEventsForMonthInternal(yearMonth: YearMonth): Map<Int, List<EventResponse>> {
+        // Use the system's default time zone
+        val zoneId = ZoneId.systemDefault()
+
+        // Get the start and end of the month in the local time zone
+        val startFrom = yearMonth.atDay(1).atStartOfDay(zoneId).toOffsetDateTime()
+        val endTo = yearMonth.atEndOfMonth().atTime(23, 59, 59).atZone(zoneId).toOffsetDateTime()
+
+        // Obtain current (logged in) user ID
+        val userId = (getApplication<MyApplication>()).tokenManager.userId ?: throw IllegalStateException("User ID is not set")
+
+        // BUG: Events that last longer than a month will not show
+        // up in the following month due to the startFrom filter here.
+        val userEvents = RetrofitClient.eventsService.userEvents(
+            userId = userId,
+            startFrom = startFrom,
+            startTo = endTo
+        )
+        val invitedEvents = RetrofitClient.eventsService.userEventsInvited(
+            userId = userId,
+            startFrom = startFrom,
+            startTo = endTo,
+            inviteStatus = "accepted"
+        )
+
+        val allEvents = userEvents + invitedEvents
+
+        // Create a mapping of days to events
+        val eventsByDay = mutableMapOf<Int, MutableList<EventResponse>>()
+        for (event in allEvents) {
+            val startDay = maxOf(event.start_time.dayOfMonth, 1)
+            val endDay = minOf(event.end_time.dayOfMonth, yearMonth.lengthOfMonth())
+            for (day in startDay..endDay) {
+                eventsByDay.computeIfAbsent(day) { mutableListOf() }.add(event)
+            }
+        }
+
+        return eventsByDay
+    }
+}

app/src/main/java/com/p_vacho/neat_calendar/viewmodels/CategoriesViewModel.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.viewmodels
+
+import android.app.Application
+import androidx.lifecycle.AndroidViewModel
+import androidx.lifecycle.LiveData
+import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData
+import androidx.lifecycle.viewModelScope
+import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.MyApplication
+import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.api.RetrofitClient
+import com.p_vacho.neat_calendar.api.models.CategoryResponse
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+
+sealed class CategoryEvent {
+    data class Init(val categories: List<CategoryResponse>) : CategoryEvent()
+    data class Add(val category: CategoryResponse) : CategoryEvent()
+    data class Edit(val position: Int, val category: CategoryResponse) : CategoryEvent()
+    data class Remove(val position: Int, val category: CategoryResponse) : CategoryEvent()
+}
+
+class CategoriesViewModel(application: Application) : AndroidViewModel(application) {
+    private val categories = mutableListOf<CategoryResponse>()
+
+    private val _isEmptyStateVisible = MutableLiveData<Boolean>()
+    val isEmptyStateVisible: LiveData<Boolean> = _isEmptyStateVisible
+
+    private val _categoryEvents = MutableLiveData<CategoryEvent>()
+    val categoryEvents: LiveData<CategoryEvent> = _categoryEvents
+
+    init {
+        // Initialize empty state visibility to true as the default
+        updateEmptyStateVisibility()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fetches all categories for the current user from the backend.
+     *
+     * This function should always be called after initialization.
+     */
+    fun fetchCategories() {
+        viewModelScope.launch {
+            val userId = (getApplication<MyApplication>()).tokenManager.userId ?: return@launch
+            val fetchedCategories = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+                RetrofitClient.categoryService.userCategories(userId)
+            }
+            categories.clear()
+            categories.addAll(fetchedCategories)
+            _categoryEvents.value = CategoryEvent.Init(fetchedCategories)
+            updateEmptyStateVisibility()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete a specific category.
+     *
+     * This will perform an API call, removing the category from the backend.
+     */
+    fun deleteCategory(categoryId: String) {
+        val index = categories.indexOfFirst { it.id == categoryId }
+        if (index == -1) throw IllegalStateException("Attempted to delete an unknown category; id: $categoryId")
+
+        viewModelScope.launch {
+            withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+                RetrofitClient.categoryService.deleteCategory(categoryId)
+            }
+
+            val removedCategory = categories.removeAt(index)
+            _categoryEvents.value = CategoryEvent.Remove(index, removedCategory)
+            updateEmptyStateVisibility()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update the categories list with a new/updated category data.
+     */
+    fun handleCategoryAddOrEdit(category: CategoryResponse, mode: CategoryMode) {
+        when (mode) {
+            CategoryMode.CREATE -> {
+                categories.add(category)
+                _categoryEvents.value = CategoryEvent.Add(category)
+                updateEmptyStateVisibility()
+            }
+
+            CategoryMode.EDIT -> {
+                val index = categories.indexOfFirst { it.id == category.id }
+                if (index != -1) {
+                    categories[index] = category
+                    _categoryEvents.value = CategoryEvent.Edit(index, category)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the empty state visibility based on the categories list.
+     */
+    private fun updateEmptyStateVisibility() {
+        _isEmptyStateVisible.value = categories.isEmpty()
+    }
+}